USA vs Canada: A Comprehensive Comparative Exploration
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Table of Contents
- USA vs Canada
- Benefits of Living in Canada vs USA for Indian Immigrants
- Canada vs USA For International Students
- Canada vs USA Eligibility Requirements for Universities
- Top Universities and Programs in Canada vs USA
- Cost of Living in Canada vs USA for International Students
- Canada vs USA: Post Study Work Permit for International Students
- Canada vs USA for Working Professionals
- Canada vs USA Immigration Pathways for Working Professionals
- Canada vs USA Eligibility Requirements for Working Professionals
- Top Employers in Canada vs USA
- Average Salary in Canada Vs USA: Earning Potential of Expats
- Canada vs USA Tax System
- Benefits of Working in Canada vs USA for Indians
- Canada vs USA Healthcare System
- USA vs Canada - Which is Your Next Immigration Destination?
This comprehensive guide will help delve into the disparities between the USA vs Canada, focusing on different aspects like education, job opportunities, quality of life, and healthcare, etc.
If you are an Indian student or expat considering these two countries, read on to make an informed decision.
USA vs Canada
Canada and the United States are two of the most popular destinations for international students and expats. Both countries offer excellent educational opportunities, job prospects, and a high standard of living.
However, there are some differences between the two countries that may make one more attractive than the other.
Before we move on to the detailed comparison between Canada and the USA, let us first look into the basic details of either nation.
Benefits of Living in Canada vs USA for Indian Immigrants
Now that you are equipped with the basic details of these English countries, moving further let us delve into the benefits of living in Canada vs USA for Indian families.
Canada
- Canada is known for its multiculturalism, safety, and high quality of life.
- It offers accessible healthcare, a strong social support system, and diverse recreational activities.
- Additionally, Canada provides a welcoming environment for immigrants and has a reputation for inclusivity.
USA
- The USA offers a dynamic lifestyle, diverse cultural experiences, and a wide range of entertainment options.
- It has vibrant cities and opportunities for career growth.
- The healthcare and the cost of living in the USA, however, can be termed higher compared to Canada.
Canada vs USA For International Students
Now that you are well equipped with the general information along with individual benefits that either of the English nations - Canada and the USA have to offer, let us delve into understanding the disparities between them for international students.
Canada and the USA are popular destinations for international students seeking high-quality education and diverse cultural experiences. Choosing between the two often depends on individual preferences, financial considerations, and academic goals.
Canada vs USA Eligibility Requirements for Universities
The first thing to focus on when aiming for admission is to check the eligibility requirements in Universities and institutions. The admission requirements for Canada vs USA for Indian students are as follows:
|
Minimum Eligibility Requirements to Canadian Universities |
Minimum Eligibility Requirements to USA Universities |
|
|
Minimum of High School Diploma or equivalent Qualification |
Minimum of High School Diploma or equivalent Qualification |
|
|
IELTS, CELPIP, TEF, PTE, CAEL |
CAE, TOEFL, IELTS |
|
|
Yes |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Yes |
|
|
SAT, GRE, GMAT, MCAT, LSAT |
SAT, ACT, GRE, GMAT, MCAT |
|
|
Student Visa or Study Permit is required |
F-1 student visa required |
Top Universities and Programs in Canada vs USA
Simple yet the unique difference in the Canada vs USA education system is that Canadian education institutions, along with offering diverse programs, emphasize more on practical learning approaches.
The USA education structure is renowned for its academic reputation and research-intensive programs. Moving further below is the list of top universities in Canada and the USA along with the QS World Ranking 2023.
|
McGill University |
31 |
|
University of Toronto |
34 |
|
University of British Columbia |
47 |
|
University of Alberta |
110 |
|
Université de Montréal |
116 |
|
McMaster University |
152 |
|
University of Waterloo |
154 |
|
Western University |
172 |
|
University of Ottawa |
237 |
|
University of Calgary |
242 |
Popular Programs in Canada
|
Computer Science and IT |
Media and Journalism |
Applied Sciences |
|
Engineering |
Medical |
Hospitality and Tourism |
While there are only 3 Canadian universities in the top 50 universities of QS World Ranking, USA hosts 10 best universities in the top 25. Here is the list of top universities in the USA as per the QS World Ranking 2023.
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
1 |
|
Stanford University |
3 |
|
Harvard University |
5 |
|
California Institute of Technology |
6 |
|
University of Chicago |
10 |
|
University of Pennsylvania |
13 |
|
Princeton University |
16 |
|
Yale University |
18 |
|
Cornell University |
20 |
|
Columbia University |
22 |
Popular Programs in the USA
|
Engineering |
Computer Science |
Business Management |
Data Science |
|
Medicine |
Finance |
Biotechnology |
Electrical and Computer Engineering |
Cost of Living in Canada vs USA for International Students
The average cost of living in Canada for international students per month is approximately CAD 1200 - CAD 2600 including all expenses. While the cost of living in the USA for international students per month is approximately USD 1,750 - USD 3,500
|
Factor |
Average Cost (Monthly) in CAD | Average Cost (Monthly) in USD |
|
Accommodation |
$800 |
$1,200 - $2,500 |
|
Health Insurance |
CAD 600 - CAD 900 (yearly) |
$500 - $1000 (yearly) |
|
Transportation |
$80 - $110 |
$100 - $300 |
|
Food and Groceries |
$200 - $400 |
$300 - $500 |
|
Utilities (including internet) |
$100 - $200 |
$100 - $200 |
|
Entertainment |
$100 - $200 |
$100 - $300 |
Cost of Studying (Tuition fee) in Canada vs USA
|
Degree |
Average tuition fees (Per Year in CAD) |
Average tuition fees (Per Year in USD) |
|
Undergraduate |
$12,000 - $25,000 |
$20,000 - $40,000 |
|
Graduate |
$24,000 - $35,000 |
$20,000 - $65,000 |
|
Doctoral |
$7,000 - $10,000 |
$28,000 - $55,000 |
Also Read: Cost of studying Canada for Indian students and Cost of Study in the USA for International Students
Canada vs USA: Post Study Work Permit for International Students
Canada: The Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) allows international students in Canada to gain valuable work experience for up to three years after graduation, facilitating a smooth transition to the Canadian job market.
USA: The Optional Practical Training (OPT) program offers similar work opportunities for international students, enabling them to gain hands-on experience in their field of study for one year. There are two types of OPT programs offered for international students, namely
- Pre-Completion OPT
- Post-Completion OPT
Canada vs USA for Working Professionals
Canada’s unemployment rate has been witnessing a steady constant drop from 9.4% in 2021 to 5% by the end of 2022 till April 2023 (present). The unemployment rate in the USA as well as witnessed a drop and is currently at 3.4% compared to the previous 6% in 2021.
Moving further let us look deeper into the eligibility requirements to work in the countries, top employers, salaries, etc., factors necessary for detailed exploration of either country for the working class.\
Canada vs USA Immigration Pathways for Working Professionals
Various immigration pathways or visa options to Canada for skilled or working professionals include
- Express Entry includes programs like the Federal Skilled Worker Program, Federal Skilled Trades Program, and Canadian Experience Class.
- Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) provide routes to settle in specific provinces or territories.
- The Atlantic Immigration Pilot Program targets skilled workers, graduates, and intermediate-skilled workers in Atlantic provinces.
- The Caregiver Program consists of the Home Child Care Provider and Home Support Worker Pilots.
- The Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot attracts skilled workers to smaller communities.
- The Start-Up Visa Program aids entrepreneurs with innovative business ideas.
- The Agri-Food Pilot serves non-seasonal agri-food workers.
- The Temporary Foreign Worker Program helps employers fill temporary labor shortages.
- The Self-Employed Person Program is for cultural or athletic professionals.
- The Global Talent Stream expedites the hiring of skilled foreign workers in specific fields.
Various immigration pathways or visa options to the USA for skilled or working professionals include
- The H-1B Visa targets highly skilled professionals in specialized fields with a job offer.
- L-1 Visas cater to intracompany transfers within multinational corporations.
- EB-2 and EB-3 Visas are for professionals, including those with advanced degrees and skilled workers.
- The EB-5 Visa is for investors ready to make substantial investments and create jobs.
- O Visas apply to individuals with extraordinary abilities.
- J-1 Visas are for exchange visitors engaging in cultural exchange programs.
- E Visas cover treaty traders and investors involved in substantial trade or investments.
Canada vs USA Eligibility Requirements for Working Professionals
As a foreign national you would need to meet the minimum eligibility requirements criteria for Canada and USA to qualify for working in the nation.
|
Factor |
Eligibility Requirements to Work in Canada |
Eligibility Requirements to Work in the USA |
|
Job Offer |
Required |
Required |
|
Visa |
Work Permit is required |
Employer sponsorship through visas such as H-1B, L-1, O-1 etc., is required. |
|
Market Assessment report |
LMIA from ESDC (if required). |
LCA approval mandatory for H-1B visa. |
|
Proof of qualifications and work experience |
Required |
Required |
|
Employment authorization document |
Not Required |
Required |
|
Language Proficiency Requirement |
English or French. |
English |
|
Medical examination |
Varies (as visa requirements |
Medical examination in some cases. |
|
Police Verification |
Required |
Required |
|
Additional Requirements |
Specific requirements of the chosen immigration program. |
Meeting specific requirements of the chosen visa category. |
|
Proof of Funds |
CAD 10,000 or more |
USD 6,000 - USD 10,000 |
|
Health and Security Criteria |
As set by the Canadian government. |
As set by U.S. immigration authorities. |
Top Employers in Canada vs USA
Employment opportunities have always been one of the prime differentiating factors for an economy. Forbes listing is one of the most looked up to rankings by companies or conglomerates.
Listed below is the list of top employers in Canada vs the USA, where Canada clearly showcased their dedication to recruiting talent (skilled workers) into various industries throughout the provinces.
Top 10 Employers in Canada
|
Sheridan College |
Education |
1 |
|
Canadian Mental Health Association |
Healthcare & Social |
2 |
|
The Keg Steakhouse + Bar |
Restaurants |
3 |
|
Export Development Canada |
Banking and Financial Services |
5 |
|
Carleton University |
Education |
6 |
|
Hydro-Quebec |
Utilities |
7 |
|
OpenText |
IT, Internet, Software, and Services |
10 |
|
Shared Health |
Healthcare & Social |
11 |
|
McMaster University |
Education |
13 |
|
Lululemon Athletica |
Clothing, Shoes, Sports Equipment |
14 |
*Source: Forbes 2023 ranking
Top 10 Employers in the USA
|
Cisco Systems |
IT, Internet, Software, and Services |
8 |
|
Microsoft |
IT, Internet, Software, and Services |
9 |
|
Grant Thornton |
Professional Service |
12 |
|
Pratt & Whitney |
Aerospace & Defence |
15 |
|
|
IT, Internet, Software, and Services |
17 |
|
Marriott International |
Travel and Leisure |
22 |
|
American Express |
Banking and Financial Services |
29 |
|
Advanced Micro Devices |
Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Hardware |
39 |
|
Subway |
Restaurants |
45 |
|
Advantage Solutions |
Professional Services |
48 |
*Source: Forbes 2023 ranking
Average Salary in Canada Vs USA: Earning Potential of Expats
Doctors to Engineers, and more, the table below illustrates the expected average salary for the top 20 highest paying jobs in Canada vs USA.
|
Job Title |
Average Salary in Canada (in CAD) |
Average Salary in USA (in USD) |
|
Anesthesiologist |
$349,000 - $470,000 |
$267,020 - $399,460 |
|
Surgeon |
$342,000 - $461,000 |
$409,665 - $513,594 |
|
Psychiatrist |
$293,000 - $386,000 |
$220,380 - $262,410 |
|
Petroleum Engineer |
$125,000 - $195,000 |
$105,000 - $200,000 |
|
IT Manager |
$100,000 - $150,000 |
$96,000 - $160,000 |
|
Pharmacist |
$90,000 - $120,000 |
$106,710 - $146,230 |
|
Marketing Manager |
$80,000 - $120,000 |
$70,000 - $150,000 |
|
Financial Manager |
$75,000 - $115,000 |
$81,000 - $147,530 |
|
Human Resources Manager |
$70,000 - $110,000 |
$71,000 - $134,310 |
|
Civil Engineer |
$70,000 - $100,000 |
$64,000 - $117,000 |
|
Software Engineer |
$65,000 - $100,000 |
$74,000 - $126,000 |
|
Dentist |
$125,000 - $275,000 |
$150,000 - $200,000 |
|
Nurse Practitioner |
$90,000 - $120,000 |
$110,000 - $140,000 |
|
Financial Analyst |
$60,000 - $90,000 |
$60,000 - $120,000 |
|
Mechanical Engineer |
$60,000 - $90,000 |
$65,000 - $107,000 |
|
Teacher |
$55,000 - $85,000 |
$50,000 - $80,000 |
|
Graphic Designer |
$45,000 - $75,000 |
$40,000 - $70,000 |
|
Journalist |
$40,000 - $70,000 |
$40,000 - $75,000 |
|
Chef |
$40,000 - $70,000 |
$40,000 - $75,000 |
|
Social Worker |
$40,000 - $70,000 |
$40,000 - $70,000 |
Canada vs USA Tax System
Tax rates can be a notable distinguishing factor between the two countries. In the United States, federal income tax brackets range from 10% to 37% for individuals, while in Canada, the tax rates fall between 15% and 33%.
However, it's worth noting that in the U.S., individuals earning above $40,526 as singles are subject to a 22% tax rate, whereas in Canada, singles earning less than $49,020 are taxed at a lower rate of 15%.
Moving further let us have a look at the Tax systems of either country and the benefit it provides.
Canada Tax System
Canada uses a progressive income tax system, with federal and provincial taxes based on income levels. There's also a 5% Goods and Services Tax (GST), which can be combined with provincial sales tax. Healthcare is publicly funded through general tax revenues, eliminating the need for a dedicated healthcare tax.
USA Tax System
The US has a progressive income tax system with federal and state taxes. Sales taxes vary by state, and property taxes are based on property values. There's no universal healthcare; individuals must buy health insurance independently without a dedicated healthcare tax.
Benefits of Working in Canada vs USA for Indians
Working in Canada and the United States both offer unique advantages. We have highlighted some of the unique benefits of working in each country:
Unique Benefits of Working in Canada
- Canada offers universal healthcare, covering essential medical services, and easing financial healthcare burdens.
- A robust social safety net includes employment insurance, parental leave, childcare, and support for individuals with disabilities.
- Canada offers a high quality of life with a diverse society, excellent education, safety, natural beauty, and cultural diversity.
Also Read: 10 Major Benefits of Working in Canada
Unique Benefits of Working in the United States
- The USA boasts a robust economy with vast job opportunities and a thriving business culture.
- Higher wages compared to many countries offer greater earning potential.
- Strong entrepreneurial spirit and support for startups make it an attractive destination for business-minded individuals.
Canada vs USA Healthcare System
Both countries have robust healthcare systems. Canada's publicly funded Medicare offers cost-effective essential medical services. In the USA, private insurance is vital due to potentially high healthcare costs.
We have mentioned below the table consisting of the complete overview of Canada vs USA healthcare systems.
|
Factor |
Healthcare in Canada |
Healthcare in USA |
|
System Type |
Single-payer system |
Multi-payer system |
|
Coverage |
Universal healthcare coverage |
Varied coverage, with a significant uninsured population |
|
Funding |
Funded through taxes and government revenue |
Combination of public and private funding |
|
Access to Care |
Generally shorter wait times for primary care |
Longer wait times for certain procedures |
|
Cost of Healthcare |
Lower overall healthcare costs per capita |
Higher overall healthcare costs per capita |
|
Insurance Coverage |
Coverage for all Canadian residents |
Insurance coverage may vary based on individual plans and employment |
|
Prescription Medication Coverage |
Generally more affordable and regulated prices |
Prices can vary significantly and may be higher |
|
Person’s Expenses (to be paid by the patient) |
Minimal out-of-pocket expenses for medically necessary services |
Higher out-of-pocket expenses and potential medical debt |
|
Medical Bankruptcy |
Rare occurrence due to universal coverage |
Significant cases of medical bankruptcy |
USA vs Canada - Which is Your Next Immigration Destination?
Canada excels in welcoming policies, diversity, and affordable healthcare, while the US offers prestigious universities and a dynamic job market, notably in tech and entertainment.
Your choice should align with your goals, considering factors like immigration paths, job opportunities, education quality, costs, and cultural fit. Seek professional advice for a well-informed decision.
Looking forward to embracing your career abroad plans? Connect to GetGIS for exceptional, prompt, and dedicated immigration assistance, making sure your choice is only informed and the right fit for you.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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